"Examinations commonly use either free-response (FR) or multiple-choice (MC) response formats, each with its advantages and disantvantages. Despite frequent reports of high construct equivalence between them, certain group differences based on differing person characteristics still need to be explained." Prof. Dr. Tuulia M. Ortner et al. "aimed to investigate how test takers´ characteristics and behavior - particularly test anxiety, risk propensity, conscientiousness, lecture attendance, and study time - impact test scores in exams with FR and MC format." The authors report in ´Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling´ (1/24):